Differential PCM

EEEN 464 - Understand how DPCM reduces bandwidth by exploiting signal correlation.

Core Concepts

Why DPCM?

Standard PCM encodes the absolute value of each sample. However, most real-world signals (like audio or video) change slowly between samples. DPCM exploits this correlation. Instead of encoding the sample value, we encode the difference between the actual sample and a predicted value.

The Predictor

The heart of DPCM is the predictor. It uses past reconstructed samples to guess the current sample. A simple predictor is:
x̂(n) = x̂(n-1) This assumes the next sample is roughly the same as the previous one.

DPCM Transmitter Block Diagram

x(n)
Input Signal
Σ
Difference
Q[•]
Quantizer
eq(n)
Transmitted Bits
Feedback Loop:
Predictor
Delay (Z-1)

Interactive Lab

2
Original Signal
Predicted Signal
Quantized Error

Signal Power

0.00 dB

Quantization Noise

0.00 dB

SNR (Quality)

0.00 dB

Quantization Calculator

System Parameters

Volts
1 Bit 4 Bits 8 Bits
Quantization Levels (L) 16
Step Size (Δ) 0.125 V

Maximum SNR

24.08
dB

Formula used:
SNR ≈ 6.02n + 1.76 (dB)